Gravitywell.Research
The index · Monthly · Live

Capital Stress Index.

Where the cracks are forming — leverage, pledges, down-rounds, and insolvency in one fragility gauge.

Latest reading · Jun 2026
104.9
MoM -2.5%YoY +5.4%
Breadth · fault lines rising
13%
Uncertainty band103109Equal-weight106.6Data coverage50%
CodeGWR-CSI-IN
GeographyIndia
CadenceMonthly
Base100 = mid-2024
VintageJune 2026
The headline index

The stress is migrating. Promoter pledges and corporate leverage sit at multi-year lows — yet the index has climbed to 105, driven by private markets: down-rounds at a decade high and LP stakes clearing at ~21% discounts. Healthy balance sheets, fragile cap tables.

9195100105109BASE 100104.9Jul 2024Oct 2024Jan 2025Apr 2025Jul 2025Oct 2025Jan 2026Jun 2026
The 8 fault lines

Latest reads anchor to official 2025 releases (cited per fault line).

Promoter Pledge
15% wt
0.84%
BSE-500 pledging fell for six straight quarters — benign (latest print: Dec-2024 qtr)

Share of promoter holdings pledged — the classic margin-call fragility. Higher is riskier.

Source ↗ Business Standard, Feb 2025
Corporate Leverage
15% wt
2.7×
rated leverage improving to 2.7× FY26 from 3.1× FY25

How geared corporate balance sheets are. Falling leverage = lower systemic stress.

Source ↗ Fitch / Business Standard, 2025
Down-Round Frequency
12% wt
15.9%
down-rounds at a decade high — the stress is private

Share of venture rounds priced below the last mark — private-market valuation stress.

Source ↗ PitchBook / TechCrunch, Dec 2025
NBFC Funding Spread
12% wt
≈133 bps
NBFC funding spreads grinding wider through 2025

What non-bank lenders pay to fund themselves — the canary for shadow-credit strain.

Source ↗ Gravitywell estimate (CCIL / RBI)
Insolvency Flow
11% wt
8,492
cumulative CIRP admissions; ~1,905 cases still ongoing

Fresh corporate insolvency admissions — distress crystallising into the courts.

Source ↗ IBBI / EY, 2025
Secondary Discount
11% wt
≈21%
LP stakes clearing at fatter discounts as exits stay shut

Discount on LP-stake secondary sales — the price of forced liquidity in private markets.

Source ↗ IVCA / 360 ONE–VCCEdge, 2025
FPI Flow Stress
14% wt
−₹2.2 lakh cr
record 2026 exodus, but selling halved each month since the March peak (see EVI)

Intensity of foreign-portfolio selling — external funding stress feeding into local asset prices. Higher = worse.

Source ↗ Business Standard / NSDL, 2026
Private-Credit Penetration
10% wt
0.6% GDP
private credit doubling toward $60–70bn — latent shadow leverage

How deep private credit has grown — fast expansion adds latent, lightly-regulated shadow leverage. Higher = more latent stress.

Source ↗ EY India Private Credit, 2025
Composite

Smoothed, rebased, winsorised, weighted.

104.9.
How it's built
01
Eight fault lines

Pledges, leverage, down-rounds, NBFC spreads, insolvency, secondary discounts, FPI-flow stress, and private-credit penetration — public, private, and external stress in one gauge.

02
Higher means worse

Every pillar is oriented so that rising = more fragile. A climbing CSI is a warning, not a win — the colour coding flips accordingly.

03
Smoothed, rebased, winsorised

3-month average, rebase to mid-2024, clamp to [50, 180]. A single quarter of insolvencies or one discounted block can't define the read.

04
Counter-cyclical by design

Read against the Formation Index. CFI hot + CSI rising = late-cycle fragility building beneath the boom — the bubble-watch corroboration.

05
Locates the stress

The composite can rise even as public balance sheets heal — because the cracks have moved to private markets. The pillar mix shows exactly where.

Weights
Promoter Pledge
15%
Corporate Leverage
15%
Down-Round Frequency
12%
NBFC Funding Spread
12%
Insolvency Flow
11%
Secondary Discount
11%
FPI Flow Stress
14%
Private-Credit Penetration
10%
What we guard against
  • · Direction matters — all pillars point the same way (up = stress); none is inverted, so the read is unambiguous.
  • · Public vs private — improving corporate health can mask private-market strain; the pillar split keeps both visible.
  • · Flow vs stock — insolvency is shown as a monthly flow, not cumulative, to avoid a permanently rising line.
  • · Discount distortion — thin secondary volumes can exaggerate the discount; winsorisation caps its pull on the composite.

Data vintage June 2026. Latest reads anchor to official 2025 releases — Business Standard (pledging), Fitch (leverage), PitchBook / TechCrunch (down-rounds), IBBI / EY (insolvency), and IVCA / 360 ONE–VCCEdge (secondary discounts). The NBFC funding spread is a Gravitywell estimate (CCIL / RBI). Insolvency is shown as a monthly flow; the within-period path reconciles to the cited sources.

Methodology v3.1 (2026-06). Built to the OECD/JRC composite-indicator handbook and disclosed toward the IOSCO Principles for Financial Benchmarks: distance-to-reference normalisation, 3-month smoothing, a flagged contribution cap, weighted aggregation, plus a drop-one-pillar uncertainty band, an equal-weight robustness cross-check, and a data-coverage ratio (all shown above). Known limitation: the 24-month panel is too short for robust seasonal adjustment — India's March fiscal-year-end spikes are not yet removed. Series are point-in-time; published values are not silently restated.

Where the cracks form, monthly.

The Capital Stress Index flags fragility across public and private markets — counter-cyclical to formation, every month.

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